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.From it comes our word sycophant.The sycophants as a class wereencouraged at Athens, and their services were rewarded.Socrates is saidby Xenophon to have advised Crito to take a sycophant into his pay, inorder to thwart another who was annoying him; and this person, saysXenophon, quickly dicovered on the part of Crito s accusers many illegal 318acts, and many persons who were enemies to those accusers; one of whomhe summoned to a public trial, in which it would be settled what he shouldsuffer or pay, and he would not let him off until he ceased to molest Critoand paid a sum of money besides. Demosthenes thus describes one: Heglides about the market like a scorpion, with his venomous sting all ready,spying out whom he may suprise with misfortune and ruin, and fromwhom he can most easily extort money, by threatening him with an actiondangerous in its consequences.It is the bane of our city that it protects and cherishes this poisonousbrood, and uses them as informers, so that even the honest man mustflatter and court them, in order to be safe from their machinations. Theword occurs only here and chapters 19;8, of Zacchaeus, the publican.TheAmerican Revisers hold to the A.V., and render neither accuse any onewrongfully, extortion being described by the previous word.Wyc., neithermake ye false challenge.In the Sept.it is used in the sense of to oppress ordeceive.Wages (ojywni>oiv).From o]yon, cooked meat, and later, generally,provisions.At Athens, especially, fish.Compare ojya>rion, fish, John21:9, 10, 13.Hence ojyw>nion is primarily provision money, and so used ofsupplies and pay for an army.With this understanding the use of the wordat Romans 6:23, the wages of sin, becomes highly suggestive.15.Mused (dialogizome>nwn).Better as Rev., reasoned.Comparechapter 1:29; and see on Jas.2:4.16.One mightier (oJ ijscuro>terov).The definite article points to anexpected personage.Hence better as Rev., he that is mightier.Unloose (lu~sai).So also Mark; but Matthew basta>sai, to bear.See onMatthew 3:11.17.Fan floor purge.See on Matthew 3:12.18.Other (e[tera).Rather, various, different. 319Preached (eujhggeli>zeto).Rev., preserves the fuller meaning of the wordaccording to its etymology: preached good tidings.See on Gospel,Superscription of Matthew.19, 20.Compare Matthew 14:3-5; Mark 6:17-20.19.Being reproved (ejlegco>menov).See on Jas 2:9.Evils (ponhrw~n).Of several words in the New Testament denoting evil,this emphasizes evil in its activity.Hence Satan is oJ ponhro>v, the evil one.An evil eye (Mark 7:22) is a mischief working eye.See on Mark 7:22.Added (prose>qhken).Used by Luke twice as often as in all the rest ofthe New Testament.A very common medical word, used of theapplication of remedies to the body, as our apply, administer.SoHippocrates, apply wet sponges to the head; and Galen, apply adecoction of acorns, etc.In prison.See on Matthew 14:3.21-23.Compare Matthew 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-11.21.Was opened (ajnewcqh~nai).So Matthew, but Mark scizome>nouv,rent.22.The Holy Ghost.Better, Spirit.Matthew has the Spirit of God: Mark,the Spirit.In a bodily shape.Peculiar to Luke.Thou art my beloved son.Lit., Thou art my son, the beloved.So Mark.But Matthew, This is my son, the beloved.23.Began to be about thirty years of age (h+n ajrco>menov wJseikonta).Peculiar to Luke.A.V.is wrong.It should be as Rev., whenhe began (to teach) was about thirty years of age. 320CHAPTER 41-13.Compare Matthew 4:1-11; Mark 1:12-13.1.Was led.So Matthew.Mark says, The Spirit driveth, (ellei) orthrusteth him forth.By the Spirit (ejn tw~| pneu>mati).The American Revisers render in thespirit, indicating the sphere rather than the impulse of his action.Into the wilderness.The A.V.has followed the reading eijv, into.Theproper reading is ejn, in.He was not only impelled into the wilderness, butguided in the wilderness by the Spirit.Forty days.This should be joined with the preceding words, indicating theduration of his stay in the wilderness, not of his temptation, as A.V., beingforty days tempted.Read as Rev., in the wilderness during forty days.The devil.See on Matthew 4:1.He did eat nothing.Mark does not mention the fast.Matthew uses theword nhsteu>sav, having fasted, which, throughout the New Testament,is used of abstinence for religious purposes; a ritual act accompanyingseasons of prayer.3.This stone.Matthew, these stones.Bread (a]rtov).Lit., a loaf.See on Matthew 4:3.Matthew has the pluralloaves.4.It is written.See on Matthew 4:4.By bread (ejp a]rtw|).Lit., on bread, implying dependence.Compare,by every word (ejpinou).Peculiar to Luke.Stigmh>isliterally a mark made by a pointed instrument, a dot: hence a point oftime.Only here in New Testament.Comapre sti>gmata, brand-marks,Galatians 6:17.Tynd., in the twinkling of an eye.6.Note the emphatic position of the pronouns: To thee will I give forto me it hath been delivered: thou, therefore, if thou wilt worship, etc.Luke, in his narrative, enlarges upon Matthew.Compare Matthew 4:9.8.Serve.See on chapter 1:74.9.He brought (h]gagen).Rev., led.See on paralamba>nei, taketh,Matthew 4:5.Pinnacle of the temple.See on Matthew 4:5.Down from hence.Matthew has down only.10.To keep (diafula>xai).Only here in New Testament.Better as Rev.,guard.See on 1 Peter 1:4
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