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.See the network installation section for more on NFS installations. 084881-6 ch05.F 11/12/01 8:29 AM Page 141Chapter 5 &' Advanced Installation141Figure 5-10: Selecting Optional PackagesYou actually have the ability to select every package in the distributions, but thisoption is seldom used in working environments because it uses a lot of space anddoes not provide the security that is desired in most environments.Needlesslyinstalling services and applications can open up your system to network activitythat may compromise your system, such as FTP or HTTP.The menu grouping selectsthe packages in a pre-bundled way, as deemed best by the distribution.The expertmode is intended only for advanced installers who can select not only the packages,but also the dependencies for the packages selected.For example, one packageoften requires another package to be installed in order for it to function correctly.Inmost expert modes, the system requires that the installer ensure that all dependentservices and files are installed in order to install the package and enable it to func-tion properly.Finally, you also have the ability to call a file that has a pre-determinedconfiguration.You can use this ability, for example, to retrieve a configuration of thedesired packages from a diskette or other media.In fact, this is an excellent way toinstall the same packages on several workstations in a large environment, such as agovernment or corporate office.A Help menu item can provide some assistance inusing the package selection menu.After you select any of these options, the installa-tion of the individual packages will proceed.Some choices require interaction fromthe installer, while others simply start installing all the files to the hard drive.Finalize the installation2.16 Install boot loader (e.g., LILO, MBR vs.first sector of boot partition.)After the installation has completed, the system asks to be configured.If the systemisn t configured, it may not boot; this is not true of all distributions, but most 084881-6 ch05.F 11/12/01 8:29 AM Page 142Part II &' Installation142distributions will compile the kernel so that it is actively able to boot the system.Then the shell script proceeds by creating a bootable diskette, which is advisablebecause you can use this diskette to boot the system in case of emergencies, suchas boot failures, system crashes, and even to repair a damaged system.After theboot diskette has been created, the system then configures a modem or otherdevice to be used for remote login or dial-in or dial-out.This is a potentially compli-cated task, because you must know the port that the modem or other device isusing, such as COM1 or COM2.Finally, you may be presented with some other cus-tomization choices, such as font selection, but the next major menu is the installa-tion of LILO, or LInux LOader, which prompts you to install the bootstrap.The character sequence of LILO informs you of the success or failure of the bootprocess.The first L indicates that the primary boot loader has been started. I appears as soon as the secondary boot loader has been loaded.The second L appears when the secondary boot loader signals that it has been loaded.If anyproblems have occurred, a two-digit hex error code appears, which is documentedin LILO s manual.If no problems occur, the O displays along with the bootprompt.The next configuration is for the LILO text console, which displays the messagesthat were created during the boot process.Your next selection is to choose thelocation for the LILO installation.Select this location according to your pre-installation plan.After LILO is installed, your next step is to manually configure thenetwork, which usually requires the predetermined network configuration, includ-ing a static IP address or the use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).See Chapter 4 for more information about configuring networking.After networking has been completed, you are prompted to complete the configura-tion of the mouse, the time zone, and the X Window System.After you have com-pleted these tasks, the system is ready to be rebooted.Network installations of Linux2.2 Describe the different types of Linux installation interaction and determinewhich to use for a given situation (e.g., GUI, text, network)2.8 Select appropriate networking configuration and protocols (e.g., modems,Ethernet, Token-Ring)If you have a closed network environment, a LAN with no outside connection, or aLAN with an extremely secure firewall, you may want to choose to allow the net-work to install Linux for you.If you do choose the installation of Linux by NFS(Network File System) or another network method, you are required to use a sup-ported network interface card (NIC).Therefore, when starting an installation viaNFS or other network method, remember to perform the following tasks: 084881-6 ch05.F 11/12/01 8:29 AM Page 143Chapter 5 &' Advanced Installation143&' Verify that the network card is supported.&' Select the driver that supports your network card.In most cases, you areoffered the opportunity to supply additional parameters to assist the Linuxkernel in communicating with your card.&' Configure the networking protocol to access the server.In most cases, thenetworking protocol is TCP/IP and NFS.For a TCP/IP installation via NFS, therequired parameters will most likely be those listed in Table 5-1.Table 5-1Configuration for Network InstallationConfiguration Configuration Reason for InformationNeeded Data (examples)IP Address 192.168.100 IP address for stations to access the networkNetmask * 255.255.255.0 Used to determine the size of the networkNetwork Address 192.168.0 Used to determine the network addressBroadcast Address 192.168.255 Where broadcasts are madeNFS Server Name Linux_nfs What server to request files fromFile Directory /mnt/cdrom Where the server keeps the files necessary forinstallationDomain Name Fully Qualified The name of the network in useDomain Name(FQDN)Host Name Linux_workstation The rest of the FQDN for the workstationGateway 192.168.1 Not used, unless the server is not on the localnetworkName Server 192.168.250 Where to convert the NFS Server Name to IPaddress* Often called sub-netmaskMost often, information from this table is all that you will need.After this has beenput into the Linux installation program, it connects to the NFS server (or anotherserver being used) and begins the installation of the files.This installation methodis often started with a diskette and can therefore be run on several machines atonce.After the network configuration is complete, differences are essentially indis-tinguishable between a network installation and a CD-ROM-based installation.Thenetwork installation does have a few drawbacks consisting mostly of securityissues and NIC driver availability but is an excellent way to install Linux on manymachines simultaneously at one or many locations. 084881-6 ch05.F 11/12/01 8:29 AM Page 144Part II &' Installation144Review of a Linux InstallationI have covered the steps for both GUI and text-based Linux installations.You mustcomplete some general tasks during both of these installations, the first of which isto prepare for the installation
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